@article {39,
	title = {Revision of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles \& Hassall, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) with keys to 88 species in two subgenera.},
	journal = {Syst Parasitol},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Sep},
	pages = {1-18},
	abstract = {<p>Neoechinorhynchus Stiles \&amp; Hassall, 1905 is revised based on both bibliographic studies and the examination of material. The evolution of the concept of the genus is discussed. The concept of Hebesoma Van Cleave, 1928 is also commented upon. The synonymy of the two genera is accepted, with Neoechinorhynchus having priority, and a new diagnosis for Neoechinorhynchus is provided. However, Hebesoma is recognised as a subgenus of Neoechinorhynchus, being differentiated from the nominal subgenus primarily on features of the egg. Of the 109 species studied, seven are transferred to other genera and 14 are considered invalid. Eleven species are assigned to the subgenus Hebesoma and 48 to the subgenus Neoechinorhynchus. Twenty-nine species were not assigned because of incomplete or absence of descriptions of adult females. Keys to assigned and non-assigned species are provided. Notes on the zoogeography of the 88 accepted species are also included.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Amphibians, Animals, Biological Evolution, Female, Fishes, History, 20th Century, Male, Parasitology, Species Specificity, Turtles},
	issn = {0165-5752},
	author = {Amin, Omar M}
}
@article {12,
	title = {Phylogenetic analyses of endoparasitic Acanthocephala based on mitochondrial genomes suggest secondary loss of sensory organs.},
	journal = {Mol Phylogenet Evol},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Jan},
	pages = {182-9},
	abstract = {<p>The metazoan taxon Syndermata (Monogononta, Bdelloidea, Seisonidea, Acanthocephala) comprises species with vastly different lifestyles. The focus of this study is on the phylogeny within the syndermatan subtaxon Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, obligate endoparasites). In order to investigate the controversially discussed phylogenetic relationships of acanthocephalan subtaxa we have sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Echinorhynchus truttae (Palaeacanthocephala), Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Eoacanthocephala), Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Archiacanthocephala), and Philodina citrina (Bdelloidea). In doing so, we present the largest molecular phylogenetic dataset so far for this question comprising all major subgroups of Acanthocephala. Alongside with publicly available mt genome data of four additional syndermatans as well as 18 other lophotrochozoan (spiralian) taxa and one outgroup representative, the derived protein-coding sequences were used for Maximum Likelihood as well as Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. We achieved entirely congruent results, whereupon monophyletic Archiacanthocephala represent the sister taxon of a clade comprising Eoacanthocephala and monophyletic Palaeacanthocephala (Echinorhynchida). This topology suggests the secondary loss of lateral sensory organs (sensory pores) within Palaeacanthocephala and is further in line with the emergence of apical sensory organs in the stem lineage of Archiacanthocephala.</p>},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Animals, Bayes Theorem, Biological Evolution, DNA, Mitochondrial, Gene Order, Genome, Mitochondrial, Likelihood Functions, Phylogeny, Sense Organs, Sequence Analysis, DNA},
	issn = {1095-9513},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.017},
	author = {Weber, Mathias and Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra R and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Witek, Alexander and Schill, Ralph O and Sug{\'a}r, L{\'a}szl{\'o} and Herlyn, Holger and Hankeln, Thomas}
}
