@article {69,
	title = {Chemical analysis of metals in acanthocephalans using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM)},
	journal = {Comparative ParasitologyComp. Parasitol.},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: COPAF:doi 10.1654/4258.1Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasite Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Anantaraman, S. R. 1976. Histochemical characteristics of the egg envelopes of Acanthosentis sp. (Acanthocephala). Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Parasitenkunde (Berlin, Germany) 48:227-238Cazaux, J., X-ray probe microanalysis and scanning x-ray microscopes (1984) Ultramicroscropy, 12, pp. 321-332;Heckmann, R.A., Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis in conjunction with electron optics, a tool for analyzing aquatic animal diseases and deaths (1996) Microscopy and Analysis, 17, pp. 27-29; 
Heinrich, K.F.J., (1981) Electron Beam X-ray Microanalysis, , Van Nostrand and Reinhold Publishing. New York. 412 pp; 
Johnson, R., Application of a multiwindow XES detector (1993) American Laboratory, 14, pp. 93-97; 
Lee, R.E., (1992) Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 458 pp; 
Stedman, J.K., (2001) Stedmans Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions, , 4th ed. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia. 1597 pp; 
Sures, B., Accumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helminths in fish: An overview and perspective (2003) Parasitology, 126, pp. 53-60; 
Vaughn, D., (1989) Energy-Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis, An Introduction, , Kevex Instruments Publication. San Carlos, California; 
Whallon, J.H., Flegler, S.L., Klomparens, K.L., Energy dispersive microanalysis (1989) BioScience, 39, pp. 256-259
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {388 - 391},
	abstract = {Using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope, high levels of sulfur were recorded in proboscis hooks of 5 species of Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis Amin, Saoud, and Alkuwari, 2002; Acanthocephalus dims (Van cleave, 1931); Neoechinorhynchus idahoensis Amin and Heckmann, 1992, Echinorhynchus salmonis (M{\"u}ller, 1784); and Pseudoacanthocephalus sp. Petrochenko, 1956. Sulfur was also present in eggs of N. qatarensis. No sulfur was recorded in the body of worms. The 5 species of Acanthocephala were obtained from several fish hosts and 1 toad species from 7 geographical locations. Sulfur ions are probably present in disulphide bonds characteristic of 2 amino acids, cystine and cysteine, which are common amino acids in the protein of mammalian hair and horns and are probably associated with the hardness of acanthocephalan proboscis hooks and egg shells.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, Anura, Echinorhynchus salmonis, EDXA, Mammalia, Metal analysis, Neoechinorhynchus, Pseudoacanthocephalus, Sulfur in proboscis hooks and eggs},
	isbn = {15252647 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547790293\&partnerID=40\&md5=ec2530f77c3eefc3cfc08df5bd0e521e},
	author = {Heckmann, R.A. and Amin, O.M. and Standing, M.D.}
}
@article {71,
	title = {The structural-functional relationship of the para-receptacle structure in acanthocephala},
	journal = {Comparative ParasitologyComp. Parasitol.},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: COPAF:doi 10.1654/4257.1Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Amin, O.M., Occurrence of the subgenus Acanthosentis Verma and Datta, 1929 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) in Japan, with the description of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) alternatspinus n. sp. and A. A. parareceptaclis n. sp. from Lake Biwa drainage fishes and a key to the species of the subgenus (2005) Systematic Parasitology, 60, pp. 125-137;Amin, O.M., Larsen, D., Acanthocephala from lake fishes in Wisconsin: A biochemical profile of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Neoechinorhynchidae) (1989) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108, pp. 309-315; 
Amin, O.M., Saoud, M.F.A., Akuwari, K.S.R., Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchide) from the blue-barred flame parrot fish, Scarus ghobban Forssk{\r a}l, 1775, in Qatari waters of the Arabian Gulf (2002) Parasitology International, 51, pp. 171-176; 
Amin, O.M., Whittaker, F.H., Klueber, K.M., Hoffpawr, J., Ultrastructural changes in the body wall of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Acanthocephala) associated with reproductive activity (1993) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 112, pp. 208-216; 
Garcia-Valera, M., M. P. Cummings, G. P{\'e}rez Ponce de Leon, S. L. Gardner, and J. P. Laclette. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences supports the existence of Class Polyacanthocephala (Acanthocephala). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23:288-292Meyer, A. 1933. Acanthocephala Pages 333-582 in H. G. Bronn, ed. Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 4. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig, Germany. (In German.)Monks, S., Phytogeny of the Acanthocephala based on morphological characters (2001) Systematic Parasitology, 48, pp. 81-116; 
Petrochenko, V. I. 1956. Acanthocephala of Domestic and Wild Animals. 1. Izdatel{\textquoteright}stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Russia. 435 pp. (In Russian: English translation by Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel 1971, 465 pp.)Salgado-Maldonado, G., Acanthocephalos de peces IV. Description de dos especies nuevas de Neoechinorhynchus Hamann, 1892 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) y algunas consideraciones sobre este g{\'e}nero (1978) Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad National Aut{\'o}noma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 49 (1), pp. 35-37. , In Spanish; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Relationships of the Acanthocephala (1941) American Naturalist, 75, pp. 31-47; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Morphological and phylogenetic interpretations of the cement glands in the Acanthocephala (1949) Journal of Morphology, 34, pp. 157-427; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Specialization and formation of genera in Acanthocephala (1952) Systematic Zoology, 1, pp. 62-83
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {383 - 387},
	abstract = {The para-receptacle structure (PRS) was first described in Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) qatarensis Amin, Saoud, and Alkuwari, 2002 (Neoechinorhynchidae), as a prominent vesicle connected proximally to the anterior body wall and distally to the posterior wall of the proboscis receptacle then extending into the body cavity of males and females as a posterior conduit tube. The PRS has since been observed in Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978 (a new subgeneric diagnosis), and described in a member of another eoacanthocephalan family, Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) parareceptaclis Amin, 2005 (Quadrigyridae). In the latter species, a similar structure was also observed at the posterior end of the trunk. Our optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations in specimens of N. qatarensis show the PRS as a tandemly arranged set of nucleated cells delimited by a double-walled membrane and a muscular wall. It appears to be contractile with a secretory function related to changes in the hydrostatic pressure that may be associated with the extrusion and retraction of the proboscis in worms with weakly developed proboscis receptacle musculature. This is the first detailed study of the PRS and of its proposed function in the only 3 acanthocephalan species from which it has been identified to date. It is considered as an archaic structure present only in a few representatives of some primitive taxa having only a single-walled proboscis receptacle wall.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, Acanthogyrus, Acanthosentis, Hydrostatic skeleton, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus, Neoechinorhynchus golvani, Para-receptacle structure (PRS), Quadrigyridae},
	isbn = {15252647 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547784548\&partnerID=40\&md5=30b835e02e71db9cd1128d5af7efd4ef},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Heckmann, R. and Standing, M.D.}
}
