@article {123,
	title = {Echinorhynchus hexagrammi Baeva, 1965 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from marine fishes off Hokkaido, Japan, with morphological observations and new host records},
	journal = {Systematic ParasitologySyst. Parasitol.},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 29 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: SYPAD:doi 10.1007/s11230-011-9307-xPubMed ID: 21805389Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Katahira, H.; Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; email: paraparaparasites@gmail.comReferences: Allen, M.J., Smith, G.B., Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific (1988) NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 66, pp. 1-151;Amin, O.M., Redline, M.J., The effect of host species on growth and variability of Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae), with special reference to the status of the genus (1980) Systematic Parasitology, 2, pp. 9-20; 
Araki, J., Machida, M., Some acanthocephalans from marine fishes of northern Japan, with descriptions of two new species, Acanthocephaloides ichiharai and A. claviformis (1987) Bulletin of National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 13, pp. 1-11; 
Baeva, O.M., On the helminth fauna of Far-Eastern mackerel (1965) Parasitic worms of domestic and wild animals. Papers on helminthology presented to Prof, pp. 23-32. , In: Leonov, V. A., Mamaev, Yu. L., \& Oshmarin, P. G. (Eds), A. A. Sobolev on the 40th anniversary of his scientific and teaching activity.] Vladivostok: Dalnevostochnii Gosudarstvennii Universitet, (In Russian); 
Froese, R., Pauly, D., (2010) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, , http://www.fishbase.org/, Available from, (accessed 6 January 2011); 
Kennedy, C.R., (2006) Ecology of the Acanthocephala, p. 249. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Ronald, K., The metazoan parasites of the Heterosomata of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. I. Echinorhynchus laurentianus sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) (1957) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 35, pp. 437-439; 
Shostak, A.W., Dick, T.A., Szalai, A.J., Bernier, L.M.J., Morphological variability in Echinorhynchus gadi, E. leidyi, and E. salmonis (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from fishes in northern Canadian waters (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, pp. 985-995
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {35 - 40},
	abstract = {Echinorhynchus hexagrammi Baeva, 1965 is redescribed on the basis of specimens collected from the saffron cod Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius) in Akkeshi Bay (western North Pacific) off Hokkaido, Japan. Eighteen museum specimens deposited as E. salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 from Japanese coastal waters were also re-examined and re-identified as E. hexagrammi. Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius, Hemitripterus villosus (Pallas), Podothecus sachi (Jordan \& Snyder), Sebastes oblongus G{\"u}nther and Verasper moseri Jordan \& Gilbert are recognised as new hosts for E. hexagrammi. This acanthocephalan can be distinguished from three morphologically similar species, E. gadi Zoega in M{\"u}ller, 1776, E. laurentianus Ronald, 1957 and E. salmonis, by the possession of the following characters: 12-16 (usually 14) rows of hook on the proboscis, a proboscis width of 170-240 μm in males and 195-270 μm in females, a hook root length of 35-45 μm in males and 40-50 μm in females, and linearly or almost linearly arranged cement glands in males. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, Animals, article, classification, Echinorhynchidae, Echinorhynchus hexagrammi, Eleginus gracilis, Female, fish, Fishes, Hemitripterus villosus, Hexagrammos stelleri, histology, host range, Host Specificity, isolation and purification, Japan, Male, Microscopy, Parasitology, Pisces, Podothecus sachi, sea water, Seawater, Sebastes oblongus, Verasper moseri},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79961011982\&partnerID=40\&md5=3ef0e4030fb4635273913e3b666c5360},
	author = {Katahira, H. and Nagasawa, K.}
}
@article {119,
	title = {Acanthocephalus parksidei sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Wisconsin fishes},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1127558Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1975///},
	pages = {301 - 306},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, Female, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Male, Wisconsin},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0016815701\&partnerID=40\&md5=216db905bbf9351684447c1bb06602e1},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Host and seasonal associations of Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in Wisconsin fishes},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):7Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1127561Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1975///},
	pages = {318 - 329},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, Cestode Infections, comparative study, Cyprinidae, Female, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Intestines, Male, Seasons, Trout, Wisconsin},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0016799247\&partnerID=40\&md5=e0baff56490359790d3e31ca9215e24b},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {121,
	title = {Variability in Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae)},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):9Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1127559Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1975///},
	pages = {307 - 317},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, comparative study, Female, Fishes, Male, Trout, Variation (Genetics)},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0016763006\&partnerID=40\&md5=3c261f0838d5fb502e3df71732540363},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {108,
	title = {Acanthocephala of marine fishes off Fiji Islands, with descriptions of Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp., Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. (cavisomidae), and gravid females of Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni (Rhadinorhynchidae); and keys to species of },
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):7Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAA:doi 10.2307/3283256PubMed ID: 7931911Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Nahhas, F.M.; Biological Science Department, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, United States},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {768 - 774},
	abstract = {A parasitological collection from marine fishes off the Fiji Islands yielded 5 species of acanthocephalans from 4 species of fish as follows: Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp. from scat Scatophagus argus; Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. from vermiculated rabbit fish Siganus vermicularis; Neorhadinorhynchus nudum (Harada, 1938) Yamaguti, 1939 (Cavisomidae) from mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis; Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni Golvan, 1969 (Rhadinorhynchidae) from E. affinis; and Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Van Cleave, 1916 (Neoechinorhynchidae) from striped mullet Mugil cephalus. All are new locality records and, except for N. agilis, new host records. Filisoma longcementglandatus is distinguished from all other species of the genus by its very long cement glands and size and armature of its proboscis. Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus has distinctly larger proboscis hooks than all other members of the genus. Keys to species of the genera Filisoma and Neorhadinorhynchus are included. Gravid females of the inadequately described R. johnstoni are described for the first time. Taxonomic notes on the other acanthocephalan species are also included.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, animal, animal parasitosis, Animalia, article, Cavisomidae, Chimaera monstrosa, Euthynnus affinis, Female, Fiji, Filisoma, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Male, Mugil cephalus, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus agilis, Neorhadinorhynchus, nonhuman, Oryctolagus cuniculus, parasite identification, parasite isolation, Pisces, Rhadinorhynchidae, Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni, Scatophagus argus, Scombridae gen. sp., Seawater, Siganus, species differentiation, Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, taxonomy},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027998015\&partnerID=40\&md5=0131d37041ceac6bc1fac74f193f1b46},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Nahhas, F.M.}
}
@article {109,
	title = {Redescription of Hebesoma violentum Van Cleave, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae)},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1738066Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1992///},
	pages = {30 - 33},
	abstract = {Hebesoma violentum Van Cleave, 1928, is redescribed from 155 paratypes from Van Cleave{\textquoteright}s original 1921 and 1923 collections in China. The present distribution of H. violentum in China and the Soviet Union is reported and the uncertain status of Hebesoma derosum Gupta and Jain, 1973, examined.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, article, China, Female, Fishes, helminth, Male, morphology, nonhuman, species description, taxonomy},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026537334\&partnerID=40\&md5=4311c7cf6a85994dea8dfd80aa00ee3b},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {110,
	title = {Description and pathology of Neoechinorhynchus idahoensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in Catostomus columbianus from Idaho},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):9Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1738067Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1992///},
	pages = {34 - 39},
	abstract = {Neoechinorhynchus idahoensis is described from Catostomus columbianus caught in the Salmon River, Stanley Basin, Idaho. The new species is closest to Neoechinorhynchus venustus Lynch, 1936, but is distinguished from it by its smaller and variably structured eggs, anterio-dorsal trunk hump, bent and posteriorly notched proboscis receptacle, and larger proboscis, proboscis receptacle, and hooks. It is distinguished also from 2 other species of Neoechinorhynchus with proboscis hooks in middle and anterior circles about equally large and from 7 other species having lemnisci greatly unequal in length. Histopathology of host tissue showed limited host response exemplified by epithelial damage and hemorrhaging at point of proboscis attachment with subsequent macrophage and other phagocytic cell migration. The proboscis extended through the host epithelium into the submucosa with limited hemorrhaging at the point of attachment. Unorganized collagenous fibers were present. The lumen of the host intestine was obstructed, and compressed villi were present. The trunk of the worm damaged intestinal epithelium near the crypts, causing localized inflammation. The caryophyllaeid cestode Isoglaridacris calentinei Mackiewicz, 1974, was present in concurrent infections of C. columbianus.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, animal experiment, article, Cypriniformes, Female, fish, Fish Diseases, Helminthiasis, histology, Idaho, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Male, morphology, nonhuman, pathogenicity, species description, taxonomy},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026540550\&partnerID=40\&md5=b449f1c998c10a6d98eea2fa449ebe5c},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Heckmann, R.A.}
}
@article {111,
	title = {Description and host relationships of Polymorphus spindlatus n. sp. (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from the heron Nycticorax nycticorax in Peru},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):5Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAA:doi 10.2307/3283081PubMed ID: 2010853Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1991///},
	pages = {201 - 205},
	abstract = {Polymorphus spindlatus n. sp. is described from the black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, in Lake Titicaca, Peru. It is distinguished from all 27 known species of the subgenus Polymorphus by its spindle-shaped proboscis and its trunk shape, the anterior 2/3 of which is ovoid, tapering into a tubular posterior end. It resembles Polymorphus brevis (=Arhythmorhynchus brevis), which is, however, longer and considerably more slender, and has smaller and more numerous proboscis hooks per row and smaller eggs. It is separated also from Polymorphus swartzi, Polymorphus striatus, Polymorphus contortus, and Polymorphus cincli by its proboscis armature (usually 18 longitudinal rows of 11-13 hooks each), among other characters. Histopathological sections of host tissue show well defined localized damage including hemorrhaging with subsequent phagocyte cell migration (granular tissue). The lumen of the host intestine is obstructed and villi show compression. The proboscis of P. spindlatus extends through the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, displacing the smooth muscle layers of the muscularis externa. Fibrosis also was observed.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, article, bird, Bird Diseases, Birds, Female, helminth, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Host-Parasite Relations, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Intestines, Male, morphology, nonhuman, peru, species differentiation},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0025734791\&partnerID=40\&md5=3d30e13a8871ec9862d63453360a17c7},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Heckmann, R.A.}
}
@article {112,
	title = {The description of Paralongicollum nemacheili n. gen., n. sp. (acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) from freshwater fishes in Kazakh S.S.R.},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1992092Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1991///},
	pages = {26 - 31},
	abstract = {Paralongicollum nemacheili n. gen., n. sp. is described from Salmo gairdneri Richardson and Nemacheilus stoliczkai Steindacher in Lake Kul{\textquoteright}say in the basin of Lake Balkhash, Kazakh S.S.R. Its long uniformly cylindrical neck and nonfiliform proboscis distinguish it from the other 3 genera of the family. Tenuiproboscis Yamaguti, 1935, has a filiform proboscis. The neck of Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905, has a bulb anteriorly, and that of Longicollum Yamaguti, 1935, is spirally twisted with expansions. A key to the genera of Pomphorhynchidae is provided. The relatively longer necks in juveniles than in larger worms probably enhance the establishment of new infections. A large proportion of worms had extensive body wall deformities. Longicollum sergenti (Choquette and Gayot, 1952) Golvan, 1969, is relegated to the new genus Paralongicollum.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, article, Cypriniformes, Female, fish, Fish Diseases, Fresh Water, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Longicollum, Longicollum sergenti, Male, morphology, Nemacheilus, nonhuman, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pisces, Pomphorhynchidae, Pomphorhynchus, Salmo, species, Tenuiproboscis, Terminology, Trout},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0025808770\&partnerID=40\&md5=e3194392af2e93a792f2d465460659d7},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Bauer, O.N. and Sidorov, E.G.}
}
@article {114,
	title = {Acanthocephala from lake fishes in Wisconsin: ecology and host relationships of Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (Pomphorhynchidae).},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ Parasitol},
	volume = {73},
	year = {1987},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):9Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 3585622Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.},
	month = {1987///},
	pages = {278 - 289},
	abstract = {Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919, was considerably more common in fishes of the river-connected Tichigan Lake than of the landlocked Silver Lake, southeastern Wisconsin. It is reported from 17 species of principal, accessory, and occasional definitive hosts (new record in Moxostoma carinatum) and from 13 species of paratenic hosts (new records in Amia calva, Ictalurus punctatus, Lepomis cyanellus, and Pomoxis nigromaculatus). Infection patterns were influenced by fish species, feeding behavior, temperature, availability of intermediate host, type of water body, fish movement, and changes in fish host community. Host roles are not fixed but are often interchangeable. A seasonal cycle in prevalence, intensity, and maturation was evident, with greatest abundance and maturation during summer and recruitment during summer and autumn. Recruitment of new infections, development, and release of eggs, however, occurred all year. Sex ratio changed from near equal in new infections to one more highly in favor of females in older adults. Female fish were considerably more frequently and heavily infected than males. No relationship with fish age (size) was evident. Worms were mostly attached in posterior intestinal locations but initial establishment sites correlated with temperature. Translocation of P. bulbocolli due to competitive exclusion in concurrent infections was not observed. The significance of extraintestinal larval forms in the cycle of transmission was noted.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, animal disease, animal parasitosis, article, Female, fish, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, host parasite interaction, Host-Parasite Relations, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, intestine infection, Male, Parasitology, physiology, season, Seasons, United States, Wisconsin},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0023320124\&partnerID=40\&md5=921cbadd98135bee55a059806beb8fba},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Fessisentis tichiganensis sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae) from Wisconsin fishes, with a key to species.},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ Parasitol},
	volume = {66},
	year = {1980},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 7218101Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.},
	month = {1980///},
	pages = {1039 - 1045},
	abstract = {Fessisentis tichiganensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of 16 male and 24 female worms recovered from 11 species of fish of seven families in Tichigan Lake, southeastern Wisconsin, between 1977 and 1979. Specimens were most frequently encountered during the spring; the only two gravid females were recovered from Umbra limi, in early June. The same fish also serves as a transport host. A key separating F. tichiganensis from the four other known species in North America is presented. The new species most closely resembles F. friedi Nickol 1972 (= F. vancleavei haley and Bullock 1953), but can be separated from it by its longer proboscis which is armed with markedly more hooks per row, among other characteristics. Additional, new morphological observations are also reported.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, article, classification, Female, fish, Fishes, histology, Male, Parasitology, United States, Wisconsin},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0019300544\&partnerID=40\&md5=1a92a60bd6d2c08559b3295bb65ad288},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {105,
	title = {Taxonomic notes on Polyacanthorhynchus kenyensis (Acanthocephala: Polyacanthorhynchidae) from Lake Naivasha, Kenya},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):5Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAA:doi 10.2307/3284009PubMed ID: 7876982Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372, United States},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {76 - 79},
	abstract = {The original description of Polyacanthorhynchus kenyensis Schmidt and Canaris, 1967 from 2 species of fish in Lake Naivasha, Kenya was primarily based on measurements of 2 male cystacanths. That description is herein emended based on the availability of a larger number of immature worms of both sexes obtained from the freshwater teleosts Orechromis leucostictus. Tilapia zillii (new paratenic host records), and Micropterus salmoides. A secretory function for the apical organ is suggested.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, article, Bass, Female, Fish Diseases, Fresh Water, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Kenya, Male, Micropterus salmoides, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, parasite examination, parasite isolation, parasite virulence, Perciformes, Polyacanthorhynchidae, Polyacanthorhynchus kenyensis, species difference, Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, taxonomy, Tilapia, Tilapia zillii},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028966751\&partnerID=40\&md5=a46dabed00b458692e74f0c1600d4c84},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Dezfuli, B.S.}
}
@article {73,
	title = {Occurrence of the subgenus Acanthosentis Verma \& Datta, 1929 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) in Japan, with the description of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) alternatspinus n. sp. and A. (A.) parareceptaclis n. sp. from Lake Biwa drainage fishes and a key t},
	journal = {Systematic parasitologySyst Parasitol},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):4Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 15841349Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {125 - 137},
	abstract = {All 44 described species of the subgenus Acanthosentis Varma \& Datta, 1929 are recognised as valid. These include two new species, Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis)alternatspinus n. sp. from Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus (Kner) (Cyprinidae) and A. (A.) parareceptaclis n. sp. from Cobitis biwae Jordan \& Snyder (Cobitidae) in the Lake Biwa drainage, Japan. These are the first representatives of the subgenus Acanthosentis recorded from Japan. Most other species are found in the Indian subcontinent, but a few have been reported from China, elsewhere in Asia, Africa, Europe and Central America. Only A. (A.) alternatspinus has the lateral proboscis hooks in the apical and middle circles markedly displaced posteriorly but of equal size to the other hooks in the same circles and multi-branched lemnisci. Acanthogyrus (A.) parareceptaclis uniquely possesses parareceptacle structures in both sexes as well as a pair of cone-shaped genital jackets flanking the vagina (vaginal sleeve). Two new names are provided: Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) adriaticus nom. nov. for A. (A.) lizae Orecchia, Paggi \& Radujkovic, 1988 nec Wang, 1896, and A. (A.) cheni nom. nov. for A. (A.) coiliae (Yamaguti) sensu Chen et al. (1973). A review of the species composition of Acanthosentis is provided and a key to its species and zoogeographical notes are included.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, animal parasitosis, Animals, article, Drainage, Female, fish, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Fresh Water, Helminthiasis, Animal, histology, intestine, Intestines, isolation and purification, Japan, Male, Parasitology, species difference, Species Specificity, wound drainage},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22844436816\&partnerID=40\&md5=c84b67997864cf2cce3f5821c4052e4a},
	author = {Amin, O.M.}
}
@article {75,
	title = {Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) zabensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from freshwater fish in northern Iraq},
	journal = {Folia ParasitologicaFolia Parasitol.},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):8Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: FPARAPubMed ID: 14971598Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Abdullah, S.M.A., (1990) Survey of the Parasites of Fishes of Dokan Lake, 1, 15p. , M.Sc. thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq, In Arabic;Amin, O.M., Revision of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles and Hassall, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynehidae) with keys to 88 speceis in two subgenera (2002) Syst. Parasitol., 53, pp. 1-18; 
Amln, O.M., Al-Sady, R.S.S., Mhaisen, F.T., Bassat, S.F., Neoechinorhynchus iraqensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynehidae) from the freshwater mullet, Lisa abu (Heckel), in Iraq (2001) Comp. Parasitol., 68, pp. 108-111; 
Fattohy, Z.I., (1975) Studies on the Parasites of Certain Teleostean Fishes from the River Tigris, Mosul, Iraq, 136p. , M.Sc. thesis. Coll. Sci., Univ. Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, In Arabic; 
Froese, R., Pauly, D., (2003) Fish Base, , www.fishbase.org, World Wide Web electronic publication. version 20 June 2003
},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {293 - 297},
	abstract = {Neoechinorhynclus (Neoechinorhynclus) zabensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described from Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) (type host) and Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) in the Greater and Lesser Zab Rivers, northern Iraq. The new species is unique among all other species of the genus by its characteristic paired para-vaginal muscular appendage and fragmented giant nuclei in the lemnisci. Eleven of the other 88 valid species of Neoechinorhynchus and N. zabensis have middle and posterior hooks of equal length. However. N. zabensis is distinguished from the others the size of trunk, proboscis, proboscis hooks and lemnisci, number of giant nuclei, position of female gonopore, and geographical and host distribution. It is also distinguished from six other species of Neoechinorhynchus previously reported from Iraq. Other distinguishing features are also included.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, animal parasitosis, Animalia, Animals, article, Capoeta, Capoeta damascina, Capoeta trutta, classification, Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes, Female, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Fresh Water, Helminthiasis, Animal, histology, Iraq, Male, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus, Neoechinorhynclus zabensis, Parasitology, Zab River},
	isbn = {00155683 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0742302435\&partnerID=40\&md5=e4e6d68bdec6d4f042d4c000a95611e9},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Abdullah, S.M.A. and Mhaisen, F.T.}
}
@article {61,
	title = {Redescription of rhadinorhynchus ornatus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from skipjack Tuna, katsuwonus pelamis, collected in the pacific Ocean off South America, with special reference to new morphological features},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. Parasitol.},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):3Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAA:doi 10.1645/GE-1804.1PubMed ID: 19642805Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O. M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: ABDOU, N. E. 2000. Light and scanning electron microscopy of Flori-ceps sp. plerocercoid (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Red Sea fish Tylosurus choram. Journal of Union Arab Biologists 14A(Zoology): 37-47MAHFOUZ, M.E., Ultrastructural and genetic diversity studies of two Sclerocollum (Acanthocephala) species infecting siganid and lutianid fishes from the Red Sea, Egypt (2006) Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 36, pp. 1035-1056;AMIN, O.M., Acanthocephala from lake fishes in Wisconsin: Ecology and host relationships of Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (Pom-phorhynchidae) (1987) Journal of Parasitology, 73, pp. 278-289; 
-, AND M. D. DAILEY. 1998. Description of Mediorhynchus pap-illosus (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) from a Colorado, U.S.A. population, with a discussion of morphology and geographical variability. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 65: 189-200AMIN, O.M., LARSEN, D., Acanthocephala from lake fishes in Wisconsin: A biochemical profile of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Neoechinorhynchidae) (1989) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108, pp. 309-315; 
AMIN, O.M., LARSEN, D., REDLIN, M.J., The effect of host species on growth and variability of Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (Acan-thocephala: Echinorhynchidae), with special reference to the status of the genus (1980) Systematic Parasitology, 2, pp. 9-20; 
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},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {656 - 664},
	abstract = {Adults of Rhadinorhynchus ornatus Van Cleave, 1918 were collected from the small intestine of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus), in the high seas of the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America (new parasite locality record) and described using optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our specimens were somewhat comparable to those described from North America and Japan, but had more trunk spines. Definitive differences between the length and thickness of each of the dorsal and ventral proboscis hooks are noted for the first time, with most ventral middle hooks being relatively shorter and more robust than dorsal middle hooks. The SEM documented, for the first time, the different surface topography of the tegument in the proboscis, the neck, and in 3 trunk regions; the presence of microtrichs in the mid- and posterior trunk regions; the elevated base of trunk spines; the circular arrangement of basal proboscis hooks; the different morphology of all dorsal and ventral proboscis hooks and the striations of their surface; the ribbed surface topography of eggs; the elevated slit-like female gonopore; and the rimmed edge of the bursa. The presence of microtrichs on the tegumental surface is further supported by transmission electron microscopy studies. This is the first report of microtrichs in any species of Acanthocephala and the second report of striations in proboscis hooks. The geographical distribution of R. ornatus appears to correspond, at least in part, to that of its epipelagic primary host, K. pelamis, throughout the world in waters ranging in temperature from 14.7 to 30 C. {\textcopyright} 2009 American Society of Parasitologists.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, animal disease, animal parasitosis, animal tissue, Animals, article, classification, definitive host, Female, fish disease, Fish Diseases, flatworm, geographical distribution, Helminthiasis, Animal, host, host-parasite interaction, integument, intestine parasite, isolation and purification, Katsuwonus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, morphology, new species, nonhuman, Pacific Ocean, Pacific Ocean (West), parasitism, Parasitology, perciform, photic zone, Prevalence, Rhadinorhynchidae, Rhadinorhynchus ornatus, scanning electron microscopy, South America, transmission electron microscopy, Tuna, ultrastructure},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70349476093\&partnerID=40\&md5=4fdc4135667bd61270ea97f1d488ed8f},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Heckmann, R.A. and Radwan, N.A.E. and Anchundia, J.S.M. and Alcivar, M.A.Z.}
}
@article {51,
	title = {Expanded description of neoechinorhynchus (hebesoma) manubrianus (acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from marine fish in Halong Bay, Vietnam},
	journal = {ParasiteParasite},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 22910669Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases (IPD), 11445 E. Via Linda $\#$ 2-419, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Amin, O.M., Revision of neoechinorhynchus stiles and hassall 1905 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) with keys to 88 species in two subgenera (2002) Systematic Parasitology, 53, pp. 1-18;Amin, O.M., Heckmann, R.A., Radwan, N.A.E., Anchudia, J.S.M., Alcivar, M.A.Z., Redescription of Rhadinorhynchus ornatus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from skip jack tuna off South America, with special reference to new morphological features (2009) Journal of Parasitology, 95, pp. 656-664; 
Amin, O.M., V, H.A.N., N, H.A.D., First Report of Neoechino-rhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Marine Fish of the Eastern Seaboard of Vietnam with the Description of Six New Species (2011) Parasite, 18, pp. 21-34; 
Lee, R.E., (1992) Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microana-lysis, p. 458. , Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {267 - 270},
	abstract = {Neoechinorhynchus manubrianus Amin, Ha \&Ha, 2011 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) (formerly Neoechinorhynchus manubriensis Amin, Ha \&Ha, 2011), was recently described based on optical microscopy of four males and two females (none was gravid) from caroun croaker, Johnius carouna (Cuvier), flower croaker, Nibea albiflora (Richardson), and silver croaker, Pennabia argentata (Houttuyen) (Sciaenidae) in Halong Bay, Vietnam. Subsequently, many more specimens became available from N. albiflora that were studied using SEM. SEM studies showed many additional features that were not possible to discern with optical microscopy. These included the prominent angulation of the anterior trunk, the presence of (1) anterio-dorsal and (2) undulating mid-lateral fin-like protrusions of the body wall, uniquely shaped eggs as well as details of trunk micropores, proboscis, bursa, and female gonopore. Microscopical examination of eggs from the new collection demonstrated the presence of polar prolongation of fertilization membrane which places N. manubriensis in the subgenus Hebesoma. The features of trunk angulation, trunk fins, and egg morphology further distinguish N. manubriensis from all other species of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles and Hassall, 1905 from Vietnam or from any where else in the world.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, animal parasitosis, Animals, article, classification, Expanded description, Female, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Halong Bay, Helminthiasis, Animal, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus manubrianus, Parasitology, Perciformes, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, ultrastructure, Viet Nam, Vietnam},
	isbn = {1252607X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84869113713\&partnerID=40\&md5=4efe20ce25ef7934a7f3f825cfdbec8c},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Heckmann, R.A.}
}
@article {57,
	title = {First report of neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from marine fish of the eastern seaboard of Vietnam, with the description of six new species},
	journal = {ParasiteParasite},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):5Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 21395202Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O. M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda, $\#$ 2419, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Amin, O.M., Revision of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles and Hassall, 1905 (Acanthocephalan: Neoechinorhynchidae) with keys to 88 species in two subgenera Systematic Parasitology, 2002 (53), pp. 1-18;Amin, O.M., Christison, K.W., Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) dorsovaginatus n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the dusky kob Agyrosomus japonicas (Sciaenidae) on the southern coast of South Africa (2005) Systematic Parasitology, 61, pp. 173-179; 
Amin, O.M., Ha, N.V., On a new acanthocephalan family and a new order from birds in Vietnam (2008) Journal of Parasitology, 94, pp. 1305-1310; 
Amin, O.M., Ha, N.V., Heckmann, R.A., New and already known acanthocephalans from amphibians and reptiles in Vietnam, with keys to species of Pseudoacanthocephalus Petrockenko, 1956 (Echinorhynchidae) and Sphaerechinorhynchus Johnston and Deland, 1929 (Plagiorhynchidae) (2008) Journal of Parasitology, 94, pp. 181-189; 
Amin, O.M., Ha, N.V., Heckmann, R.A., New and already known acanthocephalans mostly from mammals in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new genera and species in Archiacanthocephala (2008) Journal of Parasitology, 94, pp. 194-201; 
Amin, O.M., Ha, N.V., Heckmann, R.A., Four new species of acanthocephalans from birds in Vietnam (2008) Comparative Parasitology, 75, pp. 200-214; 
Amin, O.M., Heckmann, R.A., Description and pathology of Neoechinorhynchus idahoensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in Catostomus columbianus from Idaho (1992) Journal of Parasitology, 78, pp. 34-39; 
Amin, O.M., Heckmann, R.A., Ha, N.V., On the immature stages of Pallisentis (Pallisentis) celatus (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from occasional fish hosts in Vietnam (2004) The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52, pp. 593-598; 
Amin, O.M., Heckmann, R.A., Standing, M.D., The structural functional relationship of the para-receptacle structure in Acanthocephala (2007) Comparative Parasitology, 74, pp. 383-387; 
Amin, O.M., Heckmann, R.A., Ha, N.V., Luc, P.V., Doanh, P.N., Revision of the genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) with the erection of three new subgenera, the description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a key to species of Pallisentis, and the erection of a new quadrigyrid genus (2000) Pararaosentis Gen. N. Comparative Parasitology, 67, pp. 40-50; 
Amin, O.M., Muzzall, P.M., Redescription of Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Esox lucius (Esocidae) and Sander vitreus (Percidae), among other percid and centrarchid fish, in Michigan, USA (2009) Comparative Parasitology, 76, pp. 44-50; 
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(1997) Ecosystem and Biodiversity of Cat Ba National Park and Ha Long Bay, Vietnam, , KNCCN, IEBR \& HNU. Seoul: The Korean national Council for Conservation of Nature, the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, and Hanoi National University; 
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Van Cleave, H.J., Acanthocephala from the Illinois River with descriptions of species and a synopsis of the family Neoechinorhynchidae (1919) Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 13, pp. 237-257. , plates 22-28; 
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},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {21 - 34},
	abstract = {The occurrence of acanthocephalans of the genus Neoechinorhynchus Stiles and Hassall, 1905 in Vietnamese waters is reported for the first time. Six new species are described from seven species of marine fish of the families Belonidae, Clupeidae, Megalopidae, Mugilidae, and Sciaenidae, collected in Halong Bay of the eastern seaboard of Vietnam in 2008 and 2009. These are Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) plaquensis n. sp. characterized by dermal plaques covering the entire trunk; Neoechinorhynchus manubriensis n. sp. with very long anterior proboscis hooks having roots with prominent anterior manubria and very small and equal middle and posterior hooks, two pseudoretractors in the receptacle, simple vagina, and terminal gonopore; Neoechinorhynchus pennahia n. sp. with equal anterior and middle proboscis and somewhat smaller posterior hooks, and terminal female gonopore; Neoechinorhynchus ampullata with many giant nuclei in the body wall and lemnisci and a parareceptacle structure complex which includes pumping ampullas reported for the first time; Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) longinucleatus n. sp. with very long giant nuclei in the Lemnisci, anteriorly twisted vagina, and subterminal female gonopore. Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) ascus n. sp. is the second species of Neoechinorhynchus found with the parareceptacle structure/ampulla complex. Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) johnii Yamaguti, 1929 of Bilqees, 1972 is not W johnii because of proboscis armature and other discrepancies with the Yamaguti material. Notes on host distribution and feeding habits are also included.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), animal, animal disease, animal parasitosis, Animals, article, Belonidae, classification, Clupeidae, Female, fish, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Halong Bay, Helminthiasis, Animal, histology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, intestine infection, isolation and purification, Male, marine fish, Megalopidae, Mugilidae, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus, Neoechinorhynchus johnii, Parasitology, Pennahia, Sciaenidae, sea water, Seawater, Viet Nam, Vietnam},
	isbn = {1252607X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79551669627\&partnerID=40\&md5=c040664ad7f4060981c4d5d20ef29f94},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Ha, N.V. and Ha, D.N.}
}
@article {44,
	title = {Morphometric discrimination of two allozymically diagnosed sibling species of the Echinorhynchus gadi Zoega in Muller complex (Acanthocephala) in the North Sea.},
	journal = {Systematic Parasitology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):4Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 15841350Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Wayland, M.T.: Chemicals/CASEnzymes},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {139 - 149},
	abstract = {<p>Allozyme electrophoresis was used to detect biological species of the E. gadi complex from gadids from the northern North Sea. A fixed difference at one of nine enzyme loci surveyed confirmed the existence of two reproductively isolated, sympatric species. Mixed infections of two E. gadi spp. (termed A and B) were observed in Gadus morhua and Pollachius virens. E. gadi sp. B was also found in Melanogrammus aeglefinus and Merlangius merlangus. The presence of gravid females of E. gadi spp. A and B in the same host species, P. virens, and sometimes in the same host individual, indicates that neither differential host-specificity nor seasonal differences in mating time are responsible for their reproductive isolation. Morphological study of probosces from electrophoretically identified specimens demonstrated that the two species can be discriminated in graphical and cluster analyses of hook morphometrics. E. gadi sp. I (of Vainola etal., 1994) and E. gadi sp. A are probably conspecific.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, allele, Alleles, animal, animal parasitosis, Animals, article, Atlantic Ocean, body size, Body Weights and Measures, comparative study, enzyme, Enzymes, Female, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Gadiformes, genetics, Great Britain, Helminthiasis, Animal, host parasite interaction, Host-Parasite Relations, intestine, Intestines, isolation and purification, Male, morphometrics, North Sea, Parasitology, physiology, sea water, Seawater, species difference, Species Specificity, United Kingdom},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22844439518\&partnerID=40\&md5=2c536e99e51d16dba1aea15afe7bc92d},
	author = {Wayland, M.T. and Gibson, D.I. and Sommerville, C.}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea: Morphological variability and radial asymmetry of proboscis hooks},
	journal = {Systematic ParasitologySyst. Parasitol.},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2004},
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},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {149 - 158},
	abstract = {<p>Echinorhynchus salmonis is a common parasite of salmoniform and other fishes, occurring in fresh and brackish waters throughout the Holarctic. Presented here is the first analysis of the morphometric and meristic variation in a Palaearctic population of E. salmonis, collected from whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. and smelt Osmerus eperlaus (L.) from the Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea. Morphological data were compared with published descriptions of congeneric taxa. Nearctic populations of salmonid echinorhynchids considered by some to represent a distinct species, E. coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919, did not show any morphological divergence from Palaearctic populations, indicating that the name E. coregoni should be suppressed. Similarly, E. alpinus Linstow, 1901 has been considered to be a junior synonym of E. salmonis. However, E. alpinus should be regarded as a valid species, because it has a longer and more elongate body. The armature of the acanthocephalan proboscis typically displays radial symmetry. However, in E. salmonis the hooks on the dorsal surface of the proboscis are smaller than those on the ventral surface. Size differences between dorsal and ventral hooks are most pronounced at the base of the proboscis. The systematic and functional significance of radial asymmetry of proboscis hooks is discussed.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, Animalia, Animals, article, Coregonus, Coregonus lavaretus, Echinorhynchida, Echinorhynchidae, Echinorhynchus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Female, Finland, histology, intestine, Intestines, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Osmeriformes, Osmerus, Parasitology, Pisces, salmonid, Salmonidae, Salmoniformes, scanning electron microscopy, sea water, Seawater, ultrastructure},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3442880780\&partnerID=40\&md5=2b2061d41175647a4135313c36d16ecf},
	author = {Wayland, M.T. and Gibson, D.I. and Sommerville, C.}
}
