@article {69,
	title = {Chemical analysis of metals in acanthocephalans using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM)},
	journal = {Comparative ParasitologyComp. Parasitol.},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: COPAF:doi 10.1654/4258.1Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasite Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Anantaraman, S. R. 1976. Histochemical characteristics of the egg envelopes of Acanthosentis sp. (Acanthocephala). Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Parasitenkunde (Berlin, Germany) 48:227-238Cazaux, J., X-ray probe microanalysis and scanning x-ray microscopes (1984) Ultramicroscropy, 12, pp. 321-332;Heckmann, R.A., Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis in conjunction with electron optics, a tool for analyzing aquatic animal diseases and deaths (1996) Microscopy and Analysis, 17, pp. 27-29; 
Heinrich, K.F.J., (1981) Electron Beam X-ray Microanalysis, , Van Nostrand and Reinhold Publishing. New York. 412 pp; 
Johnson, R., Application of a multiwindow XES detector (1993) American Laboratory, 14, pp. 93-97; 
Lee, R.E., (1992) Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 458 pp; 
Stedman, J.K., (2001) Stedmans Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions, , 4th ed. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia. 1597 pp; 
Sures, B., Accumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helminths in fish: An overview and perspective (2003) Parasitology, 126, pp. 53-60; 
Vaughn, D., (1989) Energy-Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis, An Introduction, , Kevex Instruments Publication. San Carlos, California; 
Whallon, J.H., Flegler, S.L., Klomparens, K.L., Energy dispersive microanalysis (1989) BioScience, 39, pp. 256-259
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {388 - 391},
	abstract = {Using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope, high levels of sulfur were recorded in proboscis hooks of 5 species of Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis Amin, Saoud, and Alkuwari, 2002; Acanthocephalus dims (Van cleave, 1931); Neoechinorhynchus idahoensis Amin and Heckmann, 1992, Echinorhynchus salmonis (M{\"u}ller, 1784); and Pseudoacanthocephalus sp. Petrochenko, 1956. Sulfur was also present in eggs of N. qatarensis. No sulfur was recorded in the body of worms. The 5 species of Acanthocephala were obtained from several fish hosts and 1 toad species from 7 geographical locations. Sulfur ions are probably present in disulphide bonds characteristic of 2 amino acids, cystine and cysteine, which are common amino acids in the protein of mammalian hair and horns and are probably associated with the hardness of acanthocephalan proboscis hooks and egg shells.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, Anura, Echinorhynchus salmonis, EDXA, Mammalia, Metal analysis, Neoechinorhynchus, Pseudoacanthocephalus, Sulfur in proboscis hooks and eggs},
	isbn = {15252647 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547790293\&partnerID=40\&md5=ec2530f77c3eefc3cfc08df5bd0e521e},
	author = {Heckmann, R.A. and Amin, O.M. and Standing, M.D.}
}
@article {70,
	title = {Host and seasonal distribution of fish acanthocephalans from the Lake Biwa basin, Japan},
	journal = {Comparative ParasitologyComp. Parasitol.},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: COPAF:doi 10.1654/4283.1Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285, United States; email: OmarAmin@aol.comReferences: Amin, O.M., Host and seasonal associations of Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in Wisconsin fishes (1975) Journal of Parasitology, 61, pp. 318-329;Amin, O.M., Occurrence of the subgenus Acanthosentis Verma \& Datta, 1929 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) in Japan, with the description of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) alternatspinus n. sp. and A. (A.) parareceptaclis n. sp. from Lake Biwa drainage fishes and a key to the species of the subgenus (2005) Systematic Parasitology, 60, pp. 125-137; 
Amin, O.M., Burrows, J.M., Host and seasonal associations of Echinorhynchus salmonis (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in Lake Michigan fishes (1977) Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34, pp. 325-331; 
Chubb, J.C., Occurrence of Echinorhynchus clavula (Dujardin, 1845) nec Hamann, 1892 (Acanthocephala) in the fish of Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Merionethshire (1964) Journal of Parasitology, 50, pp. 52-59; 
Fujioka, Y., and Y. Kido. 1998. Distribution and growth of Cottus reinii from Lake Biwa. Pages 32-33 in Heisei 9-nendo Shiga-ken Suisan Shikenjo Jigyo Hokoku [1997 Annual Report of the Shiga Prefecture Fisheries Experiment Station]. Shigaken Suisan Shikenjo, Hikone, Japan. (In Japanese.)Fujita, T. 1927. Helminths parasitic in fishes from Lake Biwa. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 39:39-45, pl. I. (In Japanese.)Fukui, T., On some Acanthocephala found in Japan (1929) Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 12, pp. 255-270; 
Fukui, T., Morisita, T., On some species of Acanthocephala from Japan. Zikken Igaku Zasshi 21(supplement):1841-1848, 1 pi (1937), In JapaneseGrygier, M. J. 2004. Clarifying the parasitofauna of Lake Biwa. Pages 273284, 341-342 in K. Nagasawa, ed. Aquaparasitology in the Field in Japan. Tokai University Press, Hadano, Japan. (In Japanese.)Harada, I. 1935. Zur acanthocephalen Fauna von Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku Imperial University of Formosa, Japan. 14(2):7-23Hoffman, G.L., (1999) Parasites of North American Freshwater Fishes, , 2nd ed. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York. 539 pp; 
Ichihara, A. 1964. Studies on Acanthocephala (15). Acanthocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1935 obtained from Salmo gairdnerii irideus (Gibbons) fished up at Akigawa Valley in Tokyo. Meguro Kiseichukan Geppo 70:2-4Ito, I., On some observations of an acanthocephalan (Acanthocepharus [sic] sp. parasitizing rainbow trout (1959) first report). Shiga-ken Samegai Yoshoku Shikenjo Hokoku, 2, pp. 32-33. , In Japanese; 
Kamegai, S., Ichihara, A., A check list of the helminths from Japan and adjacent areas part I. Fish parasites reported by S (1972) The Research Bulletin of the Meguro Parasitological Museum, 6, pp. 1-43. , Yamaguti from Japanese waters and adjacent areas; 
Katoaka, N., and K. Momma. 1933. Notes on parasitic helminthes of ayu. Pages 257-275 in N. Katoaka, ed. Yogyo to Noen [Fish Farming and Agricultural Farm]. Privately published by Arimatsu, Nagao, Hyogo, Japan. (In Japanese.)Kataoka, N., and K. Momma. 1934. Helminthes from the salmonoid fish, Plecoglossus altivelis T. \& S. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 3:59 64Matsuura, K., A. Doi, and G. Shinohara. 2000. Distribution of Freshwater Fishes in Japan: Supplement to the Catalog of the Freshwater Fish Collection in the National Science Museum. National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan. 256 pp. (In Japanese and English.)Miller, R.I., Olson, A.C., Miller, I.W., Fish parasites occurring in thirteen Southern California reservoirs (1973) California Fish and Game, 59, pp. 196-206; 
Nagasawa, K., Egusa, S., Echinorhynchus cotti Yamaguti, 1935 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in fish of the Kanita River, with a note on the life cycle (1981) Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 30, pp. 45-49; 
Nagasawa, K., Egusa, S., Hara, T., Yagisawa, I., Ecological factors influencing the infection levels of salmonids by Acanthocephalus opsariichthydis (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in Lake Yunoko, Japan (1983) Fish Pathology, 18, pp. 53-60; 
Nagasawa, K., Urawa, S., Awakura, T., A checklist and bibliography of parasites of salmonids of Japan (1987) Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido, , Salmon Hatchery 41:1-75; 
Nakajima, K., and S. Egusa. 1975a. Acanthocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1935, from cultured rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii irideus, in Japan. Fish Pathology 10:53-57. (In Japanese.)Nakajima, K., and S. Egusa. 1975b. Pseudorhadinorhynchus samegaiensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala), from cultured rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii in Japan. Fish Pathology 10:58-68. (In Japanese with English summary and species description.)Nakajima, K., Oota, T., Egusa, S., Some aspects of the parasitism and the susceptibility to some chemicals of the adult of the spiny-headed worms found in 2 years old rainbow trout kept at Samagai Trout Experimental Station (1975) Fish Pathology, 10, pp. 48-52. , In Japanese; 
Nakajima, T., Nakai, K., Lake Biwa (1994) Archiv f{\"u}r Hydrobiologie. Beiheft. Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 44, pp. 43-54; 
Nishino, M., Watanabe, N.C., Evolution and endemism in Lake Biwa, with special reference to its gastropod mollusc fauna (2000) Advances in Ecological Research, 31, pp. 151-180; 
Rossiter, A., Lake Biwa as a topical ancient lake (2000) Advances in Ecological Research, 31, pp. 571-598; 
Sakai, H., Ito, Y., Shedko, S.V., Safranov, S.N., Chereshnev, I.A., Jeon, S.-R., Goto, A., Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of northern Far Eastern phoxinin minnows, Phoxinus and Rhynchocypris (Pisces, Cyprinidae), as inferred from allozyme and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence analyses (2006) Zoological Science, 23, pp. 323-331; 
Schmidt, G.D., Resurrection of Southwellina Witenberg, 1932, with a description of Southwellina dimorpha sp. n., and a key to genera in Polymorphidae (Acanthocephala) (1973) Journal of Parasitology, 59, pp. 299-305; 
Shimazu, T. 1999. Acanthocephalans of freshwater fishes in Japan: a review. Journal of Nagano Prefectural College 54:21-29. (In Japanese with English abstract.)Stevenson, D.E., Discovery of the holotype of Chaeogobius annularis Gill (Perciformes: Gobiidae) and its taxonomic consequences (2000) Copeia 2000, pp. 835-840; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Acanthocephala from Japan (1925) Parasitology, 17, pp. 149-156; 
Van Cleave, H.J., The Acanthocephala collected by Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 1934 (1940) Report of the Allan Hancock, , Pacific Expedition 2:501-527; 
Yamaguti, S., Studies of the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 8. Acanthocephala, I (1935) Japanese Journal of Zoology, 6, pp. 247-278; 
Yamaguti, S., Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 29. Acanthocephala, II (1939) Japanese Journal of Zoology, 8, pp. 317-351. , pis. XLI-XLLX; 
Yamaguti, S., Systema Helminthum (1963) Acanthocephala, 5. , Wiley Interscience, New York, New York. 423 pp; 
Yuma, M., Hosoya, K., Nagata, Y., Distribution of the freshwater fishes of Japan: An historical overview (1998) Environmental Biology of Fishes, 52, pp. 97-124
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {244 - 253},
	abstract = {Six species of acanthocephalans were collected from 30 of 62 surveyed species of fish in Lake Biwa, the most ancient lake in Japan, and from various water bodies in the lake{\textquoteright}s drainage basin including the Seta and Daido Rivers. The 3 most common species were Acanthocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1935 (8 new host records), Echinorhynchus cotti Yamaguti, 1935 (7 new host records), and Pseudorhadinorhynchus samegaiensis Nakajima and Egusa, 1975 (7 new host records; perhaps endemic to Lake Biwa and its basin). The latter 2 species were found only in the spring. Specimens of both species were also found in Gymnogobius isaza (Tanaka, 1916) in the autumn. Gravid females of all 3 species were found in the spring. Developed cystacanths of Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925) Witenberg, 1932 were also collected (5 new host records). Anatomical similarities between these species and the original descriptions are clearly evident, but differences in certain key characteristics are noted. Two recently described species of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) Verma and Datta, 1929, Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) alternatspinus Amin, 2005, and Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) parareceptaclis Amin, 2005 were also first collected in the course of this survey. Three species previously recorded in the 1920s and 1930s from Lake Biwa were not found in the present survey: Acanthocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave, 1931, Acanthocephalus gotoi Van Cleave, 1925, and Echinorhynchus parasiluri Fukui, 1929.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, Acanthocephalus echigoensis, Acanthocephalus gotoi, Acanthocephalus opsariichthydis, Acanthogyrus, Acanthosentis, Echinorhynchus cotti, Echinorhynchus parasiluri, Fish parasites, Gymnogobius isaza, Japan, Lake Biwa, New host records, Pseudorhadinorhynchus samegaiensis, Seasonality, Southwellina hispida},
	isbn = {15252647 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547748422\&partnerID=40\&md5=cb499206fa357b3b7043a4a48a54a2ae},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Nagasawa, K. and Grygier, M.J.}
}
@article {71,
	title = {The structural-functional relationship of the para-receptacle structure in acanthocephala},
	journal = {Comparative ParasitologyComp. Parasitol.},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: COPAF:doi 10.1654/4257.1Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O.M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Amin, O.M., Occurrence of the subgenus Acanthosentis Verma and Datta, 1929 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) in Japan, with the description of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) alternatspinus n. sp. and A. A. parareceptaclis n. sp. from Lake Biwa drainage fishes and a key to the species of the subgenus (2005) Systematic Parasitology, 60, pp. 125-137;Amin, O.M., Larsen, D., Acanthocephala from lake fishes in Wisconsin: A biochemical profile of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Neoechinorhynchidae) (1989) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108, pp. 309-315; 
Amin, O.M., Saoud, M.F.A., Akuwari, K.S.R., Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchide) from the blue-barred flame parrot fish, Scarus ghobban Forssk{\r a}l, 1775, in Qatari waters of the Arabian Gulf (2002) Parasitology International, 51, pp. 171-176; 
Amin, O.M., Whittaker, F.H., Klueber, K.M., Hoffpawr, J., Ultrastructural changes in the body wall of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Acanthocephala) associated with reproductive activity (1993) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 112, pp. 208-216; 
Garcia-Valera, M., M. P. Cummings, G. P{\'e}rez Ponce de Leon, S. L. Gardner, and J. P. Laclette. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences supports the existence of Class Polyacanthocephala (Acanthocephala). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23:288-292Meyer, A. 1933. Acanthocephala Pages 333-582 in H. G. Bronn, ed. Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 4. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig, Germany. (In German.)Monks, S., Phytogeny of the Acanthocephala based on morphological characters (2001) Systematic Parasitology, 48, pp. 81-116; 
Petrochenko, V. I. 1956. Acanthocephala of Domestic and Wild Animals. 1. Izdatel{\textquoteright}stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Russia. 435 pp. (In Russian: English translation by Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel 1971, 465 pp.)Salgado-Maldonado, G., Acanthocephalos de peces IV. Description de dos especies nuevas de Neoechinorhynchus Hamann, 1892 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) y algunas consideraciones sobre este g{\'e}nero (1978) Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad National Aut{\'o}noma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 49 (1), pp. 35-37. , In Spanish; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Relationships of the Acanthocephala (1941) American Naturalist, 75, pp. 31-47; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Morphological and phylogenetic interpretations of the cement glands in the Acanthocephala (1949) Journal of Morphology, 34, pp. 157-427; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Specialization and formation of genera in Acanthocephala (1952) Systematic Zoology, 1, pp. 62-83
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {383 - 387},
	abstract = {The para-receptacle structure (PRS) was first described in Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) qatarensis Amin, Saoud, and Alkuwari, 2002 (Neoechinorhynchidae), as a prominent vesicle connected proximally to the anterior body wall and distally to the posterior wall of the proboscis receptacle then extending into the body cavity of males and females as a posterior conduit tube. The PRS has since been observed in Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978 (a new subgeneric diagnosis), and described in a member of another eoacanthocephalan family, Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) parareceptaclis Amin, 2005 (Quadrigyridae). In the latter species, a similar structure was also observed at the posterior end of the trunk. Our optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations in specimens of N. qatarensis show the PRS as a tandemly arranged set of nucleated cells delimited by a double-walled membrane and a muscular wall. It appears to be contractile with a secretory function related to changes in the hydrostatic pressure that may be associated with the extrusion and retraction of the proboscis in worms with weakly developed proboscis receptacle musculature. This is the first detailed study of the PRS and of its proposed function in the only 3 acanthocephalan species from which it has been identified to date. It is considered as an archaic structure present only in a few representatives of some primitive taxa having only a single-walled proboscis receptacle wall.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, Acanthogyrus, Acanthosentis, Hydrostatic skeleton, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus, Neoechinorhynchus golvani, Para-receptacle structure (PRS), Quadrigyridae},
	isbn = {15252647 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547784548\&partnerID=40\&md5=30b835e02e71db9cd1128d5af7efd4ef},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Heckmann, R. and Standing, M.D.}
}
