@article {123,
	title = {Echinorhynchus hexagrammi Baeva, 1965 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from marine fishes off Hokkaido, Japan, with morphological observations and new host records},
	journal = {Systematic ParasitologySyst. Parasitol.},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 29 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: SYPAD:doi 10.1007/s11230-011-9307-xPubMed ID: 21805389Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Katahira, H.; Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; email: paraparaparasites@gmail.comReferences: Allen, M.J., Smith, G.B., Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific (1988) NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 66, pp. 1-151;Amin, O.M., Redline, M.J., The effect of host species on growth and variability of Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae), with special reference to the status of the genus (1980) Systematic Parasitology, 2, pp. 9-20; 
Araki, J., Machida, M., Some acanthocephalans from marine fishes of northern Japan, with descriptions of two new species, Acanthocephaloides ichiharai and A. claviformis (1987) Bulletin of National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 13, pp. 1-11; 
Baeva, O.M., On the helminth fauna of Far-Eastern mackerel (1965) Parasitic worms of domestic and wild animals. Papers on helminthology presented to Prof, pp. 23-32. , In: Leonov, V. A., Mamaev, Yu. L., \& Oshmarin, P. G. (Eds), A. A. Sobolev on the 40th anniversary of his scientific and teaching activity.] Vladivostok: Dalnevostochnii Gosudarstvennii Universitet, (In Russian); 
Froese, R., Pauly, D., (2010) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, , http://www.fishbase.org/, Available from, (accessed 6 January 2011); 
Kennedy, C.R., (2006) Ecology of the Acanthocephala, p. 249. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Ronald, K., The metazoan parasites of the Heterosomata of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. I. Echinorhynchus laurentianus sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) (1957) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 35, pp. 437-439; 
Shostak, A.W., Dick, T.A., Szalai, A.J., Bernier, L.M.J., Morphological variability in Echinorhynchus gadi, E. leidyi, and E. salmonis (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from fishes in northern Canadian waters (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, pp. 985-995
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {35 - 40},
	abstract = {Echinorhynchus hexagrammi Baeva, 1965 is redescribed on the basis of specimens collected from the saffron cod Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius) in Akkeshi Bay (western North Pacific) off Hokkaido, Japan. Eighteen museum specimens deposited as E. salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 from Japanese coastal waters were also re-examined and re-identified as E. hexagrammi. Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius, Hemitripterus villosus (Pallas), Podothecus sachi (Jordan \& Snyder), Sebastes oblongus G{\"u}nther and Verasper moseri Jordan \& Gilbert are recognised as new hosts for E. hexagrammi. This acanthocephalan can be distinguished from three morphologically similar species, E. gadi Zoega in M{\"u}ller, 1776, E. laurentianus Ronald, 1957 and E. salmonis, by the possession of the following characters: 12-16 (usually 14) rows of hook on the proboscis, a proboscis width of 170-240 μm in males and 195-270 μm in females, a hook root length of 35-45 μm in males and 40-50 μm in females, and linearly or almost linearly arranged cement glands in males. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, Animals, article, classification, Echinorhynchidae, Echinorhynchus hexagrammi, Eleginus gracilis, Female, fish, Fishes, Hemitripterus villosus, Hexagrammos stelleri, histology, host range, Host Specificity, isolation and purification, Japan, Male, Microscopy, Parasitology, Pisces, Podothecus sachi, sea water, Seawater, Sebastes oblongus, Verasper moseri},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79961011982\&partnerID=40\&md5=3ef0e4030fb4635273913e3b666c5360},
	author = {Katahira, H. and Nagasawa, K.}
}
@article {108,
	title = {Acanthocephala of marine fishes off Fiji Islands, with descriptions of Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp., Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. (cavisomidae), and gravid females of Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni (Rhadinorhynchidae); and keys to species of },
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):7Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAA:doi 10.2307/3283256PubMed ID: 7931911Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Nahhas, F.M.; Biological Science Department, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, United States},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {768 - 774},
	abstract = {A parasitological collection from marine fishes off the Fiji Islands yielded 5 species of acanthocephalans from 4 species of fish as follows: Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp. from scat Scatophagus argus; Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. from vermiculated rabbit fish Siganus vermicularis; Neorhadinorhynchus nudum (Harada, 1938) Yamaguti, 1939 (Cavisomidae) from mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis; Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni Golvan, 1969 (Rhadinorhynchidae) from E. affinis; and Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Van Cleave, 1916 (Neoechinorhynchidae) from striped mullet Mugil cephalus. All are new locality records and, except for N. agilis, new host records. Filisoma longcementglandatus is distinguished from all other species of the genus by its very long cement glands and size and armature of its proboscis. Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus has distinctly larger proboscis hooks than all other members of the genus. Keys to species of the genera Filisoma and Neorhadinorhynchus are included. Gravid females of the inadequately described R. johnstoni are described for the first time. Taxonomic notes on the other acanthocephalan species are also included.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala (worms), Acanthocephalus, animal, animal parasitosis, Animalia, article, Cavisomidae, Chimaera monstrosa, Euthynnus affinis, Female, Fiji, Filisoma, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Fishes, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Male, Mugil cephalus, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus agilis, Neorhadinorhynchus, nonhuman, Oryctolagus cuniculus, parasite identification, parasite isolation, Pisces, Rhadinorhynchidae, Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni, Scatophagus argus, Scombridae gen. sp., Seawater, Siganus, species differentiation, Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, taxonomy},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027998015\&partnerID=40\&md5=0131d37041ceac6bc1fac74f193f1b46},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Nahhas, F.M.}
}
@article {112,
	title = {The description of Paralongicollum nemacheili n. gen., n. sp. (acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) from freshwater fishes in Kazakh S.S.R.},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJ. PARASITOL.},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: JOPAAPubMed ID: 1992092Language of Original Document: English},
	month = {1991///},
	pages = {26 - 31},
	abstract = {Paralongicollum nemacheili n. gen., n. sp. is described from Salmo gairdneri Richardson and Nemacheilus stoliczkai Steindacher in Lake Kul{\textquoteright}say in the basin of Lake Balkhash, Kazakh S.S.R. Its long uniformly cylindrical neck and nonfiliform proboscis distinguish it from the other 3 genera of the family. Tenuiproboscis Yamaguti, 1935, has a filiform proboscis. The neck of Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905, has a bulb anteriorly, and that of Longicollum Yamaguti, 1935, is spirally twisted with expansions. A key to the genera of Pomphorhynchidae is provided. The relatively longer necks in juveniles than in larger worms probably enhance the establishment of new infections. A large proportion of worms had extensive body wall deformities. Longicollum sergenti (Choquette and Gayot, 1952) Golvan, 1969, is relegated to the new genus Paralongicollum.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, animal, article, Cypriniformes, Female, fish, Fish Diseases, Fresh Water, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Longicollum, Longicollum sergenti, Male, morphology, Nemacheilus, nonhuman, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pisces, Pomphorhynchidae, Pomphorhynchus, Salmo, species, Tenuiproboscis, Terminology, Trout},
	isbn = {00223395 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0025808770\&partnerID=40\&md5=e3194392af2e93a792f2d465460659d7},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Bauer, O.N. and Sidorov, E.G.}
}
@article {53,
	title = {Acanthocephaloides irregularis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Arhythmacanthidae) from marine fishes off the Ukrainian Black Sea coast},
	journal = {Systematic ParasitologySyst. Parasitol.},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: SYPAD:doi 10.1007/s11230-011-9312-0PubMed ID: 21898201Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amin, O. M.; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda $\#$ 2-419, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States; email: omaramin@aol.comReferences: Amin, O.M., Dailey, M.D., Description of Mediorhynchus papillosus (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) from a Colorado, U.S.A. population, with a discussion of morphology and geographical variability (1998) Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 65, pp. 189-200;Amin, O.M., Heckmann, R.A., Ha, N.V., Description of Heterosentis holospinus n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Arhythmacanthidae) from the striped eel catfish Plotosus lineatus in Halong Bay, Vietnam, with a key to species of Heterosentis and reconsideration of the subfamilies of Arhythmacanthidae (2011) Comparative Parasitology, 78, pp. 29-38; 
Araki, J., Machida, M., Some acanthocephalans from marine fishes of northern Japan, with descriptions of two new species, Acanthocephaloides ichiharai and A. claviformis (1987) Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. A, 13, pp. 1-11; 
Bray, R.A., Spencer Jones, M.E., Lewis, J.W., Acanthocephaloides cyrusi n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Arhythmacanthidae) from southeast African teleost fishes (1988) Systematic Parasitology, 12, pp. 109-116; 
Dawson, C.E., Syngnathidae (1986) Fishes of the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 2, pp. 628-639. , In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., \& Tortonese, E. (Eds), Paris: UNESCO; 
Golvan, Y.J., Parasites de poissons de mer ouest-africains r{\'e}colt{\'e} par J. Cadenat. VIII. Acanthoc{\'e}phales (1956) Bulletin l{\textquoteright}Institut Fran{\c c}ais d{\textquoteright}Afrique Noire, ser. A, 18, pp. 467-481; 
Golvan, Y.J., Systematique des acanthoc{\'e}phales (Acanthocephala Rudolphi, 1801). L{\textquoteright}ordre des Palaeacanthocephala Meyer 1931. I. La super-famille des Echinorhynchoidea (Cobbold, 1876) Golvan et Houin 1963 (1969) Memoire Du Mus{\'e}um National D{\textquoteright}histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle s{\'e}rie A, Zoologie, 57, pp. 1-373; 
Golvan, Y.J., Nomenclature of the Acanthocephala (1994) Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 54, pp. 135-205; 
Kvach, Y., A morphological study of Acanthocephaloides propinquus (Acanthocephala, Arhythmacanthidae) parasitising gobiid fishes (Teleostei, Gobiidae) in the northwestern Black Sea (2006) Acta Parasitologica, 51, pp. 59-64; 
Kvach, Y., Oǧuz, M.C., Solearhynchus kostylewi (Meyer, 1932) comb. nov. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae), a rare parasite of Solea solea (Pisces: Soleidae) in the Gemlik Bay, Sea of Marmara (2010) Parasite, 17, pp. 47-51; 
Kvach, Y., Stepien, C.A., Metazoan parasites of introduced round and tubenose gobies in the Great Lakes: support for the "enemy release hypothesis" (2008) Journal of the Great Lakes Research, 34, pp. 23-35; 
Lee, R.E., (1992) Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, p. 458. , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 
Miller, P.G., Gobiidae (1986) Fishes of the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 2, pp. 1019-1085. , In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., \& Tortonese, E. (Eds), Paris: UNESCO; 
Muzzall, P.M., Peebles, C.R., Thomas, M.V., Parasites of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, and tubenose goby, Proterorhinus marmoratus (Perciformes: Gobiidae), from the St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair, Michigan (1995) Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 62, pp. 226-228; 
Oǧuz, M.C., Kvach, Y., Occurrence of acanthocephalans in teleost fishes of Gemlik Bay, Sea of Marmara, Turkey (2006) Helminthologia, 43, pp. 103-108; 
Perlmutter, A., (1961) Guide to marine fishes, p. 431. , New York: Branhall House; 
Pichelin, S., Cribb, T.H., A review of the Arhythmacanthidae (Acanthocephala) with a description of Heterosentis hirsutus n. sp. from Cnidoglanis macrocephala (Plotosidae) in Australia (1999) Parasite, 6, pp. 293-302; 
Pronin, N.M., Fleischer, G.W., Baldanova, D.R., Pronina, S.V., Parasites of the recently established goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and the tubenose goby (Proterorhinusmarmoratus) (Cottidae) from the St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair, Michigan, USA (1997) Folia Parasitologica, 44, pp. 1-6; 
Reshetnikov, Y.S., Bogutskaya, G., Vasil{\textquoteright}eva, E.D., Dorofeeva, E.A., Naseka, A.M., Popova, O.A., Savvaitova, K.A., Sokolov, L.I., An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia (1997) Journal of Ichthyology, 37, pp. 687-736
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {125 - 135},
	abstract = {Acanthocephaloides irregularis n. sp. (Arhythmacanthidae) is described from four species of marine fishes in the Gulf of Odessa and Sukhyi Lyman, Ukrainan Black Sea waters, making it the tenth species of the genus. The hosts are the combtooth blenny Parablennius zvonimiri (Kolombatovic) (Blenniidae), the mushroom goby Ponticola eurycephalus (Kessler) (Gobiidae), the tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas) (Gobiidae) and the black-striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster Risso (Syngnathidae). The new species is most similar to its closest relative, Acanthocephaloides propinquus (Dujardin, 1845), in proboscis shape and armature (12 longitudinal rows of 5 hooks) and the shape of the trunk, reproductive system and lemnisci, but differs in having randomly distributed trunk spines. These trunk spines are organised in circular rings of individual spines separated by aspinose zones. The new species is also unique in having an anterior trunk collar, a very large triangular cephalic ganglion, nucleated pouches at the posterior end of the proboscis receptacle, and hooks and spines with roots bearing anterior manubria. Valid and invalid species of Acanthocephaloides Meyer, 1932 are listed and a key to all ten species is included. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephaloides, Acanthocephaloides propinguus, animal, animal parasitosis, Animals, Arhythmacanthidae, article, Basidiomycota, Black Sea, Blenniidae, Callogobius atratus, classification, Dujardin, fish disease, Fish Diseases, Gobiidae, Helminthiasis, Animal, isolation and purification, Marine Biology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Parablennius zvonimiri, Parasitology, Perciformes, Pisces, Ponticola, Proterorhinus marmoratus, scanning electron microscopy, species difference, Species Specificity, Syngnathidae, Syngnathus abaster, Ukraine, ultrastructure},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052418900\&partnerID=40\&md5=dc5df301a9534ad0686e117d901284f4},
	author = {Amin, O.M. and Oǧuz, M.C. and Heckmann, R.A. and Tepe, Y. and Kvach, Y.}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea: Morphological variability and radial asymmetry of proboscis hooks},
	journal = {Systematic ParasitologySyst. Parasitol.},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):4Export Date: 23 April 2013Source: ScopusCODEN: SYPAD:doi 10.1023/B:SYPA.0000029419.07989.1aPubMed ID: 15449830Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Wayland, M.T.; Microarray Group, MRC HGMP-Resource Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SB, United KingdomReferences: Aho, J.M., Mulvey, M., Jacobson, K.C., Esch, G.W., Genetic differentiation among congeneric acanthocephalans in the yellow-bellied slider turtle (1992) Journal of Parasitology, 78, pp. 974-981;Amin, O.A., Redlin, M.J., The effect of host species on growth and variability of Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae), with special reference to the status of the genus (1980) Systematic Parasitology, 2, pp. 9-20; 
Amin, O.A., On the crustacean hosts of larval acanthocephalan and cestode parasites in southwestern Lake Michigan (1978) Journal of Parasitology, 64, pp. 842-845; 
Amin, O.A., Classification (1985) Biology of the Acanthocephala, pp. 27-72. , Crompton, D.W.T. \& Nickol, B.B. (Eds) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Brown, A.F., Chubb, J.C., Veltkamp, C.J., A key to species of Acanthocephala parasitic in British freshwater fishes (1986) Journal of Fish Biology, 28, pp. 327-334; 
Brownell, W.N., Comparison of Mysis relicta and Pontoporeia affinis as possible intermediate hosts for the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus salmonis (1970) Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 21, pp. 1864-1866; 
De Buron, I., Loubes, C., Maurand, J., Infection and pathological alterations within the acanthocephalan Acanthocephaloides propinquus attributable to the microsporidian hyperparasite Microsporidium acanthocephali (1990) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 109, pp. 91-97; 
De Giusti, D.I., Budd, J., A three-year survey of the infection rate of Echinorhynchus coregoni and Cyathocephalus truncatus in their intermediate host Pontoporeia affinis from South Bay Mouth, Ontario (1959) Journal of Parasitology, 45, p. 25; 
Gee, R.J., A comparative morphological study of the Stutzzelle (support cell) in the phylum Acanthocephala (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, pp. 660-668; 
Giles, N., (1994) Freshwater Fish of the British Isles, 192p. , Shrewsbury: Swan Hill Press; 
Golvan, Y.J., Systematique des Acanthocephales (Acanthocephala Rudolphi, 1801), l{\textquoteright}ordre des Palaeacanthocephala Meyer, 1931, la superfamille des Echinorhynchidea (Cobbold, 1876) Golvan et Houin 1973 (1969) Memoires du Museum Nationale d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle, 47, pp. 1-373; 
Golvan, Y.J., Nomenclature of the Acanthocephala (1994) Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 54, pp. 135-205; 
Grabda-Kazubska, B., Ejsymont, L., Studies on the morphology, variability and systematic status of Echinorhynchus borealis Linstow, 1901 (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) (1969) Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 17, pp. 65-87; 
Huffman, D.G., Bullock, W.L., Meristograms: Graphical analysis of serial variation of proboscis hooks ot Echinorhynchus (Acanthocephala) (1975) Systematic Zoology, 24, pp. 333-345; 
Huffman, D.G., Nickol, B.B., Meristogram analysis of the acanthocephalan genus Pomphorhynchus in North America (1978) Journal of Parasitology, 64, pp. 851-859; 
Kostylev, N.N., Notes regarding v. Linstow{\textquoteright}s paper on the Acanthocephala of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Science of U.R.S.S. (1925) Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya, Akademii Nauk SSSR, L{\'e}ningrad, 26, pp. 1-9. , In Russian; 
Kostylev, N.N., Acanthocephalen der Fische der Goktscha-Sees (1928) Centralblatt f{\"u}r Bakteriologie,Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, 108, pp. 146-150. , Abteilung I. Orig; 
Liu, L., Wang, B., Yang, T., Notes on the parasites of the carp of Qinhai Hu (1981) Journal of Fisheries of China, 5, pp. 295-299. , In Chinese; 
Measures, L.N., Boss{\'e}, L., Gammarus lawrencianus (Amphipoda) as intermediate host of Echinorhynchus salmonis (Acanthocephala) in an estuarine environment (1993) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, pp. 2182-2184; 
M{\"u}ller, O.F., (1784) Zoologia Danica Seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Rariorum Ac Minus Notorum Descriptiones et Historia, 2, 124p. , Havinae et Lipsiae; 
Muzzall, P.M., Parasites of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., from the Great Lakes (1995) Journal of Great Lakes Research, 21, pp. 248-256; 
Petrochenko, V.I., (1956) Acanthocephala of Domestic and Wild Animals, 1, 435p. , Moscow: Izdatel{\textquoteright}stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, In Russian; 
Shostak, A.W., Dick, T.A., Szalai, A.J., Bernier, L.M.J., Morphological variability in Echinorhynchus gadi, E. leidyi, and E. salmonis (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from fishes in Northern Canadian waters (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, pp. 985-995; 
Shul{\textquoteright}man, S.S., Specificity of fish parasites (1954) Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 33, pp. 14-35. , In Russian; 
Tedla, S., Fernando, C.H., Some remarks on the ecology of Echinorhynchus salmonis M{\"u}ller, 1784 (1969) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 48, pp. 317-321; 
V{\"a}in{\"o}l{\"a}, R., Valtonen, E.T., Gibson, D.I., Molecular systematics in the acanthocephalan genus Echinorhynchus (sensu lato) in northern Europe (1994) Parasitology, 108, pp. 105-114; 
V{\"a}in{\"o}l{\"a}, R., Varvio, S.L., Molecular divergence and evolutionary relationships in Pontoporeia (Crustacea: Amphipoda) (1989) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, pp. 1705-1713; 
Valtonen, E.T., Metechinorhynchus salmonis (M{\"u}ller, 1780) (Acanthocephala) as a parasite of whitefish in the Bothnian Bay. I. Seasonal relationships between infection and fish size (1980) Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 27, pp. 293-300; 
Valtonen, E.T., Metechinorhynchus salmonis (M{\"u}ller, 1780) (Acanthocephala) as a parasite of whitefish in the Bothnian Bay. II. Sex ratio, body length and embryo development in relation to season and site in the intestine (1980) Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 27, pp. 301-307; 
Valtonen, E.T., Metechinorhynchus salmonis infection in the river-spawning whitefish of the Bothnian Bay (1980) Journal of Fish Biology, 17, pp. 1-8; 
Valtonen, E.T., On the ecology of acanthocephalans in the north-eastern gulf of Bothnia: Dispersion and frequency distributions (1983) Abstracts of Papers. First International Symposium of Ichthyoparasitology, {\textquoteright}Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Fish{\textquoteright}, August 8-13, 1983, {\v C}esk{\'e} Bud{\v e}jovice, p. 116. , Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences; 
Valtonen, E.T., Crompton, D.W.T., Acanthocephala in fish from the Bothnian Bay, Finland (1990) Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 220, pp. 619-639; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Acanthocephala from the Illinois River, with descriptions of new species and a synopsis of the family Neoechinorhynchidae (1919) Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 13, pp. 225-257; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Notes on the life cycle of two species of Acanthocephala from freshwater fishes (1920) Journal of Parasitology, 6, pp. 167-173; 
Van Cleave, H.J., A critical study of the Acanthocephala described and identified by Joseph Leidy (1924) Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 76, pp. 279-334; 
Van Cleave, H.J., Hook patterns on the acanthocephalan proboscis (1941) Quarterly Reviews in Biology, 16, pp. 157-172; 
Ward, H.L., Acanthocephala from the burbot {\textquoteright}eel{\textquoteright} (Lota vulgaris), with special reference to the variation in the female Echinorhynchus coregoni (1937) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 56, pp. 355-363; 
Wayland, M.T., (2002) Studies on the Biosystematics of Species of the Genus Echinorhynchus (Acanthocephala), 344p. , PhD Thesis, University of Stirling; 
Yamaguti, S., (1963) Acanthocephala. Systema helminthum, 5, 423p. , New York \& London: Wiley Interscience
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {149 - 158},
	abstract = {<p>Echinorhynchus salmonis is a common parasite of salmoniform and other fishes, occurring in fresh and brackish waters throughout the Holarctic. Presented here is the first analysis of the morphometric and meristic variation in a Palaearctic population of E. salmonis, collected from whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. and smelt Osmerus eperlaus (L.) from the Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea. Morphological data were compared with published descriptions of congeneric taxa. Nearctic populations of salmonid echinorhynchids considered by some to represent a distinct species, E. coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919, did not show any morphological divergence from Palaearctic populations, indicating that the name E. coregoni should be suppressed. Similarly, E. alpinus Linstow, 1901 has been considered to be a junior synonym of E. salmonis. However, E. alpinus should be regarded as a valid species, because it has a longer and more elongate body. The armature of the acanthocephalan proboscis typically displays radial symmetry. However, in E. salmonis the hooks on the dorsal surface of the proboscis are smaller than those on the ventral surface. Size differences between dorsal and ventral hooks are most pronounced at the base of the proboscis. The systematic and functional significance of radial asymmetry of proboscis hooks is discussed.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus, animal, Animalia, Animals, article, Coregonus, Coregonus lavaretus, Echinorhynchida, Echinorhynchidae, Echinorhynchus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Female, Finland, histology, intestine, Intestines, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Osmeriformes, Osmerus, Parasitology, Pisces, salmonid, Salmonidae, Salmoniformes, scanning electron microscopy, sea water, Seawater, ultrastructure},
	isbn = {01655752 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3442880780\&partnerID=40\&md5=2b2061d41175647a4135313c36d16ecf},
	author = {Wayland, M.T. and Gibson, D.I. and Sommerville, C.}
}
